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It's an proxy, also called a proxy server. It is a software that serves in the role of a intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client would be able to send requests for or resource to the server directly and then the server would provide the resource directly for the client. While this approach is straightforward to understand and implement, the addition of proxies can provide advantages in the form of enhanced performance and privacy, security and many other benefits. As a pass-through layer a proxy acts as an extra layer of security on the internet between servers and clients.




There is a general consensus that the mix of hardware for servers and software used to set up proxy installations is often referred too by the name of proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically considered to be software, as well as within the context of web servers. We will discuss of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. They each have their own usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with some understanding about the different types of proxy and the subtypes of them, and how they work in the common configurations. After reading this article, it will be able to determine the circumstances that you can gain from a proxy. You'll then select the most appropriate forward and reverse proxy for every scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known in the form of an open proxy is the agent of a client who wishes to make a request through the internet to a source server. In this case the entire attempt to send requests made by the user will instead be transferred to the forward proxy. This forward proxy, acting on behalf of the client will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine whether the client is permitted to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. The client then decides if it wants to decline a request and forward it to the original server. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly. It has access to only what forward proxy allows for it to be connected to.




A popular use for forward proxy servers is to obtain more privacy or security when surfing the web. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of a client and, in this way it can use an IP address that is different from that of the client's initial IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured, the forward proxy will offer different functions, based on how it is configured, which allows you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems that are centralized and permission-based access like in a workplace. Every internet connection can go via the open forward proxy. an administrator could permit only a handful of clients access to the internet through an common firewall. Instead of establishing security firewalls on the server layer which could comprise a range of devices with various settings and users. A firewall could be set up in the forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for use however reverse proxies will be ignored by users. Depending on the type of IP address of a user is sent to the server from which it originated by forward proxy privacy and anonymity might be granted or unnoticed.




There are a myriad of options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx is another popular open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It isn't an complete website server program. Check out our guide on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for cases like peer-to-peer traffic. It's also worth taking a look investigate how to set up an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a webserver, which handles requests from clients on its behalf. The web server can serve as a single server or multiple servers. It can also serve like an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request will come from a customer via the internet. Typically, the request is directly sent to the server that contains the resources the user wants. In contrast, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating it from direct contact with the open internet.




From the point of view of the client, interacting via reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to your website server direct. It's functionally the same and the user doesn't see the distinction. The client sends an request for a resource that is then followed by receiving it with no additional configuration needed by the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


The sending of traffic according to rules that you can define.


Additional functionality for caching.




Although centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this benefit only to that layer of the internet server, but not the client layer. Instead of having to maintain firewalls at the layer of web servers that can include multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of the firewall security can be handled by the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, getting rid of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and interfacing with requests from clients away from web servers allows them to concentrate on serving resources.




If multiple servers are that are running behind a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of the way requests are routed to which server. There may be several web servers providing the exact identical service, and each offering various kinds of resources or a mix of both. They may utilize the HTTP protocol for a traditional web server, however, they could also incorporate applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers based on the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can profit from their positioning over web servers by offering the ability to cache data. The large static files can be set up using caching rules to prevent from hitting web servers with every request. Certain solutions allowing you to deliver static files directly, without connecting to a web server even once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx webserver is a very popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache is also a reverse proxy service but the Apache web server also has reverse proxy capabilities as an option that can be added to Apache and Nginx was initially designed and was designed with a focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and false connections to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse since both kinds of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application that you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a crucial feature when you are developing a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers in any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when used in front of customers for your own use, or even in a workplace. They serve as the proxy for your client via any communication with the internet.




Utilizing use cases to differentiate instead of focusing on the common naming conventions will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the meaning of a proxy with the two main types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios for use and a discussion of the most beneficial features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, you can read our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as an reverse proxy and an internet server with Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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